Prostitution An Attempt At A Philosophical Assessment

The discussion of prostitution has been a hot topic debate for as long as the practice has been established. The ethical debate as to if it should or should not be legal has been going on just as long. People say that in our Christian heritage it is a life of both antisexual and antidomestic life that we live , and that the act of prostitution is â€Å"the art of sin† . This paper will look at some of the paternalistic views of prostitution and develop a public policy09o9asssqaq position based on prostitution using Lars Ericssons â€Å"Charges Against Prostitution: An Attempt at a Philosophical Assessment.† What is paternalism? Paternalism is defined as â€Å"action involves making decisions and acting on behalf of another person, without letting that person decide or choose for her/himself.† The belief of welfare paternalism when dealing with prostitution is one of knowing what is best for the prostitute and insuring that he/she is protected this protection can be from violence or from the spread of a sexual disease. This attitude is strictly one of â€Å"father knows best† with the assumption that the prostitute can not or will not protect themselves and must be protected. The government acts in a paternalistic state by making rules and laws that they believe are for the greater good of the state. In Canada the criminal code states between sections 210 and 213 various offences that are illegal in regards to prostitution. They are: prohibition on keeping common and bawdy-house,Show MoreRelatedLegal Prostitution in the United States Essay1086 Words   |  5 PagesIt is rather odd to think that prostitution, which is considered to be the world’s oldest profession, would be illegal and harmful in nature. The issue of legalizing prostitution has entered public conversation around the world, which is severely divided. Many, like myself, consider prostitution to be a victimless crime. Despite such opposition to legalizing prostitution, many argue that legalizing it would result in decreased morality issues, increase the economic activity in the United StatesRead MoreThe And Qing Dynasties : The Era Of Tolerance And The Beginning Of The End2265 Words   |  10 PagesDynasties, where masculine beauty and feminine beauty were often interchangeable, where reference to â€Å"the passion of the cut sleeve† or â€Å"the shared peach† were commonly understood colloquialisms for homosexual relationships, and where same-sex prostitution was preferred or at the very least considered analogous to other-sex relationships. One would not expect by the end of such an age that the Chinese legal code would prohibit consensual same-sex relationships and have such relationships punishableRead MoreProcreation2665 Words   |  11 Pagescan understand the work of God, only those who exercise their intellect. During the Renaissance the new role of the human being, conscious of his free will, transforms the relationship between Man and Nature. Ancient Hercules in new Renaissance philosophical script, seeing as the man who dominates Nature and creates his reign: the Regnum Hominis (Kingdom of Human Being). Prominent British philosoph er Francis Bacon made this declaration in 16th century. Bacons ideas was a starting point in developingRead MoreEssay on Criminology in the Future3348 Words   |  14 Pagesimplication Future directions are abstract; people who study the future, also called futurists, make predictions based upon our present point of view. These people distinguish among impending possibilities; making realistic forecasts based on such assessments. Future criminology is the study of likely futures as they relate to crime and its control, and futurists working in the area of criminology try to imagine how crime will look in both the near and distant future. Futurists make assumptions aboutRead MoreThe Biblical Perspectives of Crime4108 Words   |  16 Pagesbehavior. The Biblical account found at Genesis, Chapter 4 details the first crime committed on earth in which Cain murdered his brother Abel. At that time God himself brought judgment on Cain for his behavior. Over time, God made the following assessment about mankind. Then the Lord saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually ¦Now the earth was corrupt in the sight of God, and the earth was filled with violenceRead MoreEssay on Judicial Precedent5387 Words   |  22 Pagesfacilitated by the use of a topic sentence, that heralds the main thrust of the point being made. All candidates should also know that paragraphs need to be linked. Too often, they are not, and candidates use words like â€Å"furthermore† and â€Å"moreover† in an attempt to demonstrate linkage that is lacking in reality. Candidates need to consider the basic structure of the essay, with an introduction, development and a conclusion. There needs to be fluency, and cohesion between the separate elements. DefinitionsRead MoreDeclaration of Independence9744 Words   |  39 PagesThe Stylistic Artistry of the Declaration of Independence by Stephen E. Lucas The Declaration of Independence is perhaps the most masterfully written state paper of Western civilization. As Moses Coit Tyler noted almost a century ago, no assessment of it can be complete without taking into account its extraordinary merits as a work of political prose style. Although many scholars have recognized those merits, there are surprisingly few sustained studies of the stylistic artistry of the DeclarationRead MoreLiterature Review on Consumer Behaviour16053 Words   |  65 Pagesrecognition that not all consumer behaviour and/or marketing activity is necessarily beneficial to individuals or society. As a result, current consumer research is likely to include attention to the â€Å"dark side† of consumer behaviour, such as addiction, prostitution, homelessness, shoplifting, or environmental waste (O’Guinn and Faber 1989; Barron 1989). This activity builds upon the earlier work of researchers who have studied consumer issues related to public policy, ethi cs, and consumerism. There is a growingRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagespollution and ecological degradation. And he tracks underlying trends and factors—such as rapid population growth, rampant consumerism, and global warfare—that have contributed to global climate change. Tucker concludes his rather pessimistic assessment of these key dimensions of the twentieth-century experience with cautionary explorations of key sources of our increased recognition and understanding of these processes and their implications for life on the planet, as well as with an overviewRead MoreNotes18856 Words   |  76 Pagesdetail the racial a  ­ ttitudes of the British, the French, and the Portuguese, proceeds to  ­ iscuss d their respective political administrative styles in their colonies and their e  ­ conomic policies and practices, and concludes with some assessment of the effect of all these factors on the political and economic evolution of African countries. The two largest colonial powers in Africa were France and Britain, both of which controlled two-thirds of Africa before World War I and more than

The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio - 2310 Words

â€Å"You are to look upon this grim opening as travelers on foot confront a steep, rugged mountain: beyond it lies a most enchanting plain which they appreciate all the more for having toiled up and down the mountain first,† (Boccaccio, pg. 7). The Decameron, by Giovanni Boccaccio embodies this verse. Until this time period, religion guided society like an invisible hand pushing everyone along. Throughout many generation religion evolved. From polytheism to monotheism, form idols to churches, people leaned on the virtues that religion presented, and led their lives accordingly. Everyone learned to submit themselves to the Church as they were too scared to pave their own virtuous way. Instead of using the Church as a guide they surrendered†¦show more content†¦In a short tale that Elissa shares, she depicts how corruption spreads through the Church. The short story begins with only one nun, Francesca, committing an act of lust. The appearance of a nun is the icon that represents the church’s endeavor to rid themselves of physical pleasure and embed themselves with holistic piety. Nonetheless in the midst of their convents lie nuns fulfilling all their desires. As the story progresses, the reader becomes educ ated that the abbess, Usimbalda, â€Å"who was held by the nuns and indeed by all her acquaintances to be a good and holy woman,† (Pg. 561) was falling into her physical inclinations as well. Usimbalda led the convent and was supposed to be a role model for all the nuns to be inspired by, yet she could not do what she preached. While these individuals did not represent what they stood for, the pinnacle is the abbess’s reaction to Francesca’s indulgence. As the Usimbalda chases down the hall to catch Francesca red handed, she asks in a resolute tone â€Å"where is this miscreant?† (pg. 561). Satirically the abbess had just left the arms of her priest before yelling out those words and in place of a veil wore the Priests pants on her head. The irony continues as the abbess addresses Francesca saying that her â€Å"scandalous conduct would defile the good name, the holiness, and honor of the convent†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg 562). This image almost mimics what was going on in the larger scheme ofShow MoreRelatedThe Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio1638 Words   |  6 Pages In the book, The Decameron, by Giovanni Boccaccio, there is many tales but I am only going to speak of two.The first tale, Fabricio Goes to Naples, was told by Fiammetta. Fiammetta’s story differs from the rest of the stories by, his has many dangers that occur in one night rather than over a period of years. The second tale, Bernardo di Rossini and His Wife, was told by Dioneo. This story was different than the others by, it was a comedy story, showing to laugh over bad things than over virtuousRead MoreBiography Of Giovanni Boccaccio s Magnum Opus The Decameron 2435 Words   |  10 Pagesplace to place, and so, calamitously, had spread abroad into the Westâ€Å". These are the lines from Giovanni Boccaccio s magnum opus The Decameron , which consists of various tales narrated by seven young women and three young men seeking refuge in a secluded villa outside Florence to escape from one of the greatest catastrophies in human history. The Black Death . Miniature of the Decameron by Taddeo Crivelli from Ferrara (1467) INTRODUCTION: The most memorable example of what hasRead MoreEurope and the Black Death Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesBlack Death by letters, poems, or even stories. The Decameron, by Giovanni Boccaccio, is a fictional medieval allegory. Within this frame narrative, 100 fictional tales were told by among the characters, describing the life in Italy the same years as the bubonic plague. In the text, Boccaccio depicts a story about ten wealthy Italians fleeing to the countryside after news of this mysterious deadly disease. Through interpretations of the story, Boccaccio gives insight about the Black Death’s effects, believedRead MoreEuropes Response to the Black Death Essay1296 Words   |  6 Pageschose this route, embracing the good side of humanity. While others where lashing out and living recklessly, some chose to take a more reasonable response. Giovanni Boccaccio provides a first hand account of the occurrences surrounding the black plague in the introduction to his stories in From the Decameron. In Giovanni Boccaccio’s From the Decameron: The Plague Hits Florence he depicts one of the more positive responses to the pandemic: Many other people steered a middle course between these two extremesRead MoreAnalysis of Giovanni Boccaccios The Decameron670 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Reaction paper: The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio is not a singular, enclosed text but rather a series of texts that unfold as a result of a frame tale. The Decameron is set during the plague in Italy, and at the beginning of the story, various people have fled the city and are hiding away in the countryside. They tell tales to pass the time and to amuse themselves and these tales make up The Decameron. The conceit is very similar to that of The CanterburyRead MoreAnalysis Of Boccaccio s The Decameron 1345 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout the various novelle of the Decameron there lies a rather conflicting role of women in relation to the society that Boccaccio s Decameron was set in. From novella to novella the theme of women s gender role fluctuates between misogynistic to feminist. It can be argued that Boccaccio was a feminist ahead of his time or that he shared the traditional views towards women of 14th century Italy. Overall, it is fair to say that Boccaccio does depict women as transcending men in many respectsRead MoreComparison Between Boccaccio s The Decameron 1296 Words   |  6 PagesIn the community that Giovanni Boccaccio’s The Decameron is set in, females are held at a lower social ranking than males. As with most communities up till relatively recently in the past, women were not permitted to have a significant role in the community, other than that of a wife and matriarch. In The Decameron, Boccaccio shows that while they may not have notable social ranking, females do have an a dvantage in most aspects of the male-female relationship. Even though the tales deal with a rangeRead MoreEssay on Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron807 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron There are many different roles for women shown in â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† and â€Å"The Decameron†. Both books take place around the same time frame, 1300AD. â€Å"The Canterbury Tales†, takes place in London, England and â€Å"The Decameron† takes place in Florence, Italy. It would be just to think that since both books take place in a western civilization, both books would reflect the same morals and daily life styles. This is not the case at all. Throughout thisRead MoreThe Decameron: Misogynist or Feminist?2135 Words   |  9 PagesThe Decameron: A Feminist or Misogynist text? Giovanni Boccaccio is one of the leading Italian writers in the 1300s and has been considered as the father of Italian writing style through his composition of one hundred novelle. The Decameron continuously pictures women not as the objects of discussion but as the active producers and interpreters of their actions. Women are portrayed as they are or as they should be; they are shown to be as aggressive as men are while at the same time they can beRead More The Decameron Essay1759 Words   |  8 PagesThe Decameron BOCCACCIO, GIOVANNI Born in 1313, Giovanni Boccaccio is one of the greatest figures in Italian Literature. He was born in Paris, France by a French woman who remains unknown, but on many occasion he speaks very highly of her. His father is an Italian; they are part of the middle class. As for their professional status, they were Merchants / Bankers. Although, Bocaccio was born out of wedlock, his father legitimized him and took him to his house, provided him with

Britain And France Lost Their Power Of Influence History Essay Free Essays

After the atomic Bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki ; Stalin began to be leery of America. [ Stalin ] â€Å" aˆÂ ¦his leery character led him astray by imputing to Western authorities aˆÂ ¦ † ( He believed that the Americans wanted to hold an influence in Europe that would rule the communist parts of Europe ; one would believe that this belief would farther act upon his intuition. â€Å" From 1947 on Stalin regarded the consolidation of the two axis and the comparative growing of the US influence in Europe as a foregone decision. We will write a custom essay sample on Britain And France Lost Their Power Of Influence History Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now † ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins24 ) Future USSR leaders besides had the same premise of the West ‘s involvement in ruling Eastern Europe. †¦ † he [ Khrushchev ] came to believe that West Germany politicians were utilizing the United States to derive power over GDR and to travel to domination in cardinal Europe. â€Å" ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins 198 ) â€Å" Stalin ‘s ambivalency seemed progressively baleful from Western position, and Washington and London began to look at the Soviet enlargement sanctioned at Yalta and Potsdam in a wholly different visible radiation. â€Å" ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins, 37 ) The writer show indicates that â€Å" Stalin feared the Americans and the British would ‘renege the Yalta understanding. ‘ † ( Zubok and pleshakou, Kremlins, 41 ) Stalin ‘s overpowering intuition lead to the Occidents on intuition which made them increases their attending on the enlargement of communism in Europe ; through the Yalta and Potsdam conference. There were many miscommunications within the USSR ; which in bend caused them to misinterpret the power and influence of the West. Some of the chief misinterpretations were brought approximately by Litvinov and Molotov who Stalin looked for to acquire accurate information on the West. Litvinov, every bit good as most perceivers, failed to anticipate the nature and way of American ‘s postwar engagement in the universe. In fact, this cognition of the United States led him to the wrong premise that Washington might return to isolationism and withdraw from international organisations. He seemed to believe that it would be much easier for the USSR and Great Britain to come to an â€Å" amicable understanding † about the European colony if the moralistic and expansionist United States would non interfere. ( Zubok and pleshakou, Kremlins,38-39 ) The false information Litvinov provided caused the leaders of the USSR to misinterpret the strength of the West. â€Å" Stalin and Molotov strongly believed that the US- British differences would be acute plenty to forestall their collusion against the Kremlin. â€Å" ( Zubok and pleshakou, Kremlins, 95 ) The concluding papers sent from the Soviet embassy in Washington to Moscow on September 27, 1946, reflected Molotov ‘s thought instead than the positions of the embassador. The United States, the wire said, abandoned its prewar tradition of isolationism and was now driven by the desire for universe supremacyaˆÂ ¦ The American authorities would halt at nil â€Å" to restrict or free the influence of the Soviet Union. â€Å" aˆÂ ¦ The wire pointed out â€Å" a secret understanding † between the Unites States and England â€Å" refering the partial division of the universe on the footing of common grants. ( zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins, 101-102 ) â€Å" The intelligence from Washington made the Kremlin leaders believe even more that they could destruct western integrity by revenging in West Berlin. â€Å" ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins107 ) This false information lead the USSR to desire to busy West Germany as a buffer zone to protect USSR and to distribute communism. The Marshall program was created by the Unites States to resuscitate the economic system of Europe. To the USSR the Marshall program was regarded as ; â€Å" The danger of American economic blackmail of Soviet Union ( the potency usage of economic assistance as purchase ) . â€Å" ( Zoubok and pleshakou, Kremlins,104 ) The USSR refused to hold any portion of the Marshall program. â€Å" The absence of the Soviet in Paris, Molotov seemed to believe, would assist worsen the tenseness in the emerging Western axis. â€Å" ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,106 ) Many communist believed it was good for the USSR to non hold a portion in the Marshall program. Zhdanov commented that â€Å" Communists will derive nil through peaceable cooperation within coalitionaˆÂ ¦ they may alternatively lose what they ‘ve travel. â€Å" ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,131 ) The United States initial purpose of the Marshall program was â€Å" aˆÂ ¦ as they [ USSR ] rapidly learned, was to strip the Soviet Union of its influence in Germany and cardinal Europe. â€Å" ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,105 ) The miscommunication with in the USSR caused them to misinterpret the connotations of the Marshall program. The Western powers wanted to stop the influence of communism in Europe and in making so ; â€Å" Western powers and leaders behaved the lone manner they could- as enemies of the Soviet Union and socialist manner of life. â€Å" ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,89 ) In order to incorporate the spread of communism the aˆÂ ¦ † British and American business zone would be united into ‘Bizonia, ‘ the U.S military personnels would remain, and the Sovietss would be excluded from control over the Ruhr industry. â€Å" ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,100 ) The Unites provinces was rigorous to the containment of communism that â€Å" aˆÂ ¦it made clear that it would non digest a neutralised incorporate Germany that might gravitate towards the Kremlin. â€Å" ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,107 ) This made the USSR gain the strength and influence of the West. The Kremlin swayers understood that â€Å" the harder they drove against Western political relations, the more their opposition contributed to the execution of American separationist program in Germany and Europe. â€Å" ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,107 ) â€Å" By 1947 it had become crystal clear that the western leaders regarded their cooperation with Stalin during the war old ages as an unfortunate episode that was to be followed by considerable withdrawal. â€Å" ( Zukob and Pleshakou, Kremlins,114 ) Although the USSR still believed that it was owed a batch for its engagement in the war. â€Å" Khrushchev steadfastly believed that the USSR has been wronged, mistreated by the United States after the terminal of the Second World War. â€Å" ( zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,182 ) Khrushchev ‘s belief was back up by an proclamation from the TASS. â€Å" On January 13th, 1953 TASS announced that for old ages, there had been a secret plan to assassinate Soviet leaders and that this secret plan was directed by the Western intelligence bureaus † ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,114 ) aˆÂ ¦ With this proclamation the USSR felt betrayed by the Allies it had fought with, and sacrificed a batch for. The USSR still felt tha t was to be owed a great trade for its work. â€Å" Two coevalss of Soviet diplomats after him [ Stalin ] believed that the Soviet Union was entitled to particular security agreements in Meleagris gallopavo † ( Zubok and Pleshakou, Kremlins,98 ) aˆÂ ¦ After the decease of Stalin, there were alterations in the regulation of the USSR. Before his decease Stalin ruled USSR with his ain involvement and temper in head ; which were driven by his intuition of the West. â€Å" Most Western analysts felt that the Kremlin ‘s enterprises after Stalin ‘s decease were either new, improved Soviet tactics in engaging the cold war or execution of policy designed to cut down international tensenesss bit by bit. â€Å" ( Zubok and Plshakou, Kremlins,139 ) Khrushchev who was Stalin ‘s replacement ousted Stalin and his signifier of regulation. Khrushchev wanted to â€Å" outfox the ‘dark forces ‘ in the united States- to do them abandon their policies of haughtiness, no acknowledgment, and strength towards the USSR. â€Å" ( Zubok and Plshakou, Kremlins,184 ) The perceptual experience and misperception from the US and the USSR were really of import. They influenced or started the fire of tenseness between the two states that would subsequently on lead to scientific rebellion of atomic arms ; and the cold war. The misgiving, usage of false information, the influence of capitalist economy in states that the USSR wanted to distribute communism, the deficiency of regard and that that the USSR received for assisting the Alliess in the 2nd universe war, and the decease of Stalin and a new leader all lead to the misperception and perceptual experience between the US and USSR which was the starting point of the tenseness between the two states. How to cite Britain And France Lost Their Power Of Influence History Essay, Essay examples

Labor Mobility and Chinass Economic Geography

Question: Describe about the Core Periphery Regions Of The Asian-Pacific Rim? Answer: Introduction Through help of this particular report, the aim is to identify the concepts of Core-periphery model, which has lead several threats and opportunities for China during the execution of its international agreement and international trade operations. Through help of this report particular aims to identify how China has developed its economic, political and social structure by establishment international relations with its periphery such as Japan, Korea, Mainland, Insular and Taiwan among others (Friedmann, 1966). Moreover, this report will also highlight the strengths and weaknesses of China within the Asia Pacific regional international market. Again, the core-periphery model will be utilized for showing the boundaries in economic and business strengths. The dependency of periphery regions on the core zones of China is demonstrated with equivalent assets, resources, intermediate materials as energy resources, minerals, and power plants. Map Observation In order to identify the periphery areas of China, it is viewed that China has established its core position within the global market place due to its strong economic position within the globe. In this regard, based on the viewpoint of Tickner (2013), it is viewed that amid the East Asian countries Japan, Korea and Taiwan are being considered as Chinas periphery. Apart from that, it is also identified that Southeast Asian countries such as Mainland and Insular are also being considered as Chinas periphery. At the same time, it can be also stated that South Asian countries such as Indonesia and Myanmar are also can be regarded as a Chinas periphery. According to the viewpoint of Bosker et al., (2012), Chinese resources have helped China to gain periphery position through extending its geographical locations in around the country. In this context, it can be also asserted that China has gained popularity within its periphery due to sovereignty characteristics. In relation to this, it can be also asserted that diplomatic perception of the government and economic stable position within the globe has helped China to develop its peripheral region in around the boundaries of the nation. In order to highlight the causes of gaining Chinas core peripheral position within the neighbor countries, it can be asserted that physical environment has helped China to develop its natural and artificial resources within the globe, which has helped China to gain core position amid its peripheral neighbor. At the same time, it can be also asserted that population and domestic culture of China has assisted the nation to develop its economic position and social structure within the globe. In relation to this, it can be asserted that through improving the standards of political geography, political sociology and labor-market the government of China has helped the nation to gain core position amid its peripheral locations (Robinson et al., 2013). Simultaneously, it can be also mentioned that agricultural development and infrastructural development has encouraged peripheral areas of China to get dependent on the nation. Chinese Core and Periphery Maps Figure: 1. Chinese Core and Periphery Maps (Source: Harvard University, 2016) Justification for Core and Periphery Areas in Chinese Maps Based on the viewpoint of Prithwiraj et al. (2012), it is identified that Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Mainland and Insular are being considered as a periphery of China. Moreover, it is also viewed that all these above mentioned nations are recognized as a dependent of China due to its core positions within the globe. In this regard, in order to highlight the causes, which has lead China to gain core positions amid the periphery areas, it can be asserted that the net migration per province is high in case of China, where other neighbor nations are situated such as Hong Kong, South Korea and Mainland and Insular among others. At the same time, it is also viewed that natural cities of China are mainly situated nearby sea areas, which can be regarded as a prime causes that lead China to gain core positions amid its periphery areas. In this context, it is also viewed that in case of China large numbers of LNG ports and natural gas pipelines have been developed in around the borders of the nation with an aim of performing trade functions in a more diligent manner. Moreover, it is also viewed that Chinas economic performance is comparatively better in around the sea border areas as large numbers of economic functions are performed by the country through the help of Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea among others (Li Wei, 2014). Evaluation of Threats and Opportunities of Core Periphery Areas In order to highlight the threats and opportunities of core and periphery areas in China, it can be asserted that Chinas periphery areas have gained greater benefits from the nation as it has helped neighbor nations to get economic support from the China. At the same time, it can be also mentioned that sound economic conditions also may benefited peripheral areas of China to get benefited as it help other nations to establish international relationships with China. As an effect, both China and its peripheral nations may enhance their opportunities within the international context (Lu et al., 2013). At the same time, in order to highlight the opportunities of core and peripheral model, it can be asserted that Chinas Inside Ring consist of 14 nations, which share their borders with China. In this context, it can be stated that through the assistance of political strength and economical strength China may help its peripheral areas to get economic benefits. On the other hand, it is also viewed that foreign policy and regional policies of China has helped the nation to gain core position within the Asia Pacific Zone, which can be regarded as a one of the prime strengths of China (Weightman, 2011). On the other hand, in order to highlight the threats of periphery areas, it can be asserted that periphery areas may lead security related threats for a core nation. In relation to this, it can be also asserted that China has witnessed greater threats from its periphery areas in terms of terrorism, extremism and separation among others. In this regard, it can be also asserted that peripheral threats also may hamper economic growth of a nation through affecting trade relations and transportation opportunities for a nation (Yu et al., 2012). In addition, it can be also stated that peripheral areas also may initiated challenges for a nation through affecting the natural resources of the core nation. In this case, it is viewed that China has faced significant threats from periphery areas in terms of thirst of natural resource. In this regard, with an aim of meeting the needs as well as expectations of peripheral nations, China has developed peripheral policies, which may help the nation to mitigate such kinds of risk and threats in a more diligent manner (Faber, 2014). Conclusion In order to conclude the topic, it can be asserted that core and periphery model are being considered as one of the diplomatic strategies, which is applied by the nations with an aim of enhancing economic performance and it also may lead positive vive towards political clout. As an effect, China has experienced better international trade opportunity within Asia Pacific Zone and it also has help China to establish business relations with its peripheral nations. On other hand, it can be also mentioned that certain factors such as terrorism, extremism and separation also has lead certain challenges for China within the Asia Pacific Zone and it also has affected economic growth opportunities and natural resources of China. References Bosker, M., Brakman, S., Garretsen, H., Schramm, M. (2012). Relaxing Hukou: Increased labor mobility and Chinas economic geography. Journal of Urban Economics, 72(2), 252-266. Faber, B. (2014). Trade integration, market size, and industrialization: evidence from China's National Trunk Highway System. The Review of Economic Studies, 81(3), 1046-1070. Friedmann, J. (1966). Regional Development Policy: A Case Study of Venezuela. Cambridge, MA, and London: The M.I.T. Press. Harvard University, (2016). China map. Retrieved from https://worldmap.harvard.edu/chinamap/ Li, Y., Wei, Y. D. (2014). Multidimensional inequalities in health care distribution in provincial China: A case study of Henan Province. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 105(1), 91-106. Lu, C., Wu, Y., Shen, Q., Wang, H. (2013). Driving force of urban growth and regional planning: A case study of China's Guangdong Province. Habitat international, 40, 35-41. Prithwiraj, C., James, A., Tarun, K. (2012). A coreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ peripheryframework to navigate emerging market governmentsqualitative evidence from a biotechnology multinational. Global Strategy Journal, 2(1), 71-87. Robinson, R. N., Ritchie, B. W., Kralj, A., Solnet, D. J., Baum, T., Ford, R. C. (2013). An Asia-Pacific coreperiphery futures paradox: Divergent worker and tourist mobilities. Journal of Travel Research, 0047287513513164. Tickner, A. B. (2013). Core, periphery and (neo) imperialist International Relations. European Journal of International Relations, 19(3), 627-646. Weightman, B.A. 2011. Dragons and Tigers: A Geography of South, East, and Southeast Asia (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Yu, N., De Jong, M., Storm, S., Mi, J. (2012). The growth impact of transport infrastructure investment: A regional analysis for China (19782008). Policy and Society, 31(1), 25-38.

Invisible Man By Ellison Essays (1151 words) - Invisible Man

Invisible Man By Ellison While the civil war ended one form of slavery in America, another system of oppression was ready to take its place. In Ralph Ellison's acclaimed novel Invisible Man, a young black, nameless narrator struggles through a series of hard-won lessons as he makes his journey from the Deep South to Harlem, New York, from naivet? to disenchantment, from illusion to insight. Like most of us, he stumbles down the path of identity, adopting several along the way in an attempt to solve his relationship with a hostile, prejudiced American society. Testament to the narrator's various identities is the symbol of his briefcase, which he receives as a prize after the disturbing ?Battle Royal' and proceeds to carry until the end when he is in the coal bin, and truly an invisible man. Its contents -his high school diploma, representing his southern black identity, the recommendation letters representing his college identity, the anonymous letter and the slip of paper with his brotherhood name representing his brotherhood leadership identity, Clifton's paper doll symbolizing his disillusionment with the brotherhoods ideals and finally, the shattered pieces of Mary's bank, perhaps signifying his identity in the context of white America -each an identity others dictated by others, not developed by himself. While in the cellar, he creates torches out of these objects as though lighting his past on fire, using his history to guide him out of the hole and out of illusion. The beginning is a nightmare. A young, eager Negro boy, valedictorian of his high school class believes he is to deliver a speech to a group of white benefactors. Instead, he finds himself together with several other Negroes in a ?Battle Royal', a disgusting free-for all in which, blindfolded and barebacked like savages, the boys are instructed to beat each other. After the battle, the narrator is called upon to make his speech, his mouth full of blood and his head spinning from the blows. In his speech, the narrator makes allusions to Booker T. Washington, the great black accommodationist, reflecting that he too believes in playing by the white people's rules, meaning never ask for more than they are willing to give. At the end of this traumatic scene, he receives a ?prize' briefcase containing a scholarship to a Negro college. In this society, we often rely on others as a means of learning about ourselves- a dangerous habit, especially when surrounded by those who are blind to the individual person. The narrator adores college and is under the illusion that it is a place of perfection, an institution at which he aspires to acquire a position as the assistant of his idol, Dr. Bledsoe, the president of the college and great leader of his race. But while the college is supposed to be a fountain of knowledge, of wisdom, it is rather like the broken fountain out front- dry with nothing to sustain real life. In his third year at the school, he is expelled for innocently showing a white trustee, Mr. Norton, the reality of black life in the south by inadvertently taking him to the home of an incestuous farmer and then to a whorehouse appropriately called ?the Golden Day'. The headmaster, who admits he'll see all Negroes hang before he gives up his power , offers the shattered young boy false hope in the form of seven letters of recommendation. Grateful, the narrator carries these letters in his prize briefcase to New York where his truth, his identity are dealt additional blows when he discovers that they are in fact letters of condemnation and meant only to keep him running, to keep him hoping for that golden day. Disillusioned, with growing sense of personal rejection and social invisibility, it is at this point that the narrator begins metamorphosing into the invisible man. Recruited by the ?Brotherhood', a mixed-race group of social activists, he now becomes a spokesman for the organization. Brother Jack, one of the white leaders hands the narrator a slip of paper on which is written his new brotherhood name. His truth, his new identity is shaped by this organization, and his sense of purpose, importance is temporarily restored as he slips it into his briefcase. He admits, "I am what they think I am". However, the brotherhood, like Mr. Norton and Dr. Bledsoe, does not believe that the individual is important. Of the brothers, the narrator eventually discerns"they were blind, bat blind, moving only by the echoed sounds of their voices. And because they were blind they would destroy

Ice on Fire Chemistry Demonstration

Ice on Fire Chemistry Demonstration Set real water ice on fire using a simple chemical reaction. This easy chemistry demonstration is sure to please! Ice on Fire Project Materials calcium carbide chips or granulesice2-liter beaker Set Ice on Fire Pour about a teaspoon of calcium carbide in the bottom of the beaker.Fill the beaker with ice.Use a long handled lighter to ignite the ice. Alternately, you could secretly place a bit of calcium carbide in a large bowl, fill it with ice, and toss a burning match onto the bowl of ice. How It Works As the ice melts, the water reacts with calcium carbide to produce acetylene gas, which is flammable, and calcium hydroxide. The reaction proceeds according to this chemical equation: CaC2(s) 2 H2O(l) → C2H2(g) Ca(OH)2(s) The acetylene produces a burst of flame when it is ignited. More acetylene is produced as the ice melts and reacts with the remaining calcium carbide. Safety Dont add the ice or expose the calcium carbide to water/humidity until you are ready to perform the demonstration. You dont need a build-up of acetylene.Its fire this demonstration should only be performed by an adult.Its advisable to place a plexiglass blast shield between the container and the audience, in case the beaker shatters from thermal stress or the fire expands outward too much. These are not expected to occur, but are reasonable safety precautions.As always, its good to wear safety goggles, gloves and protective clothing, plus it looks cool for the demonstration.Perform this demonstration away from other sources of flame or from flammable materials. Related Chemistry Demonstrations Fire and Flames Chem DemosSelf-Carving Jack-o-LanternColored Fire Spray Bottles

Is black cohosh a safe and effective substitute for hormone Article

Is black cohosh a safe and effective substitute for hormone replacement therapy - Article Example She tries to evaluate if black cohosh is an effective and safe substitute for hormone replacement therapy. According to the facts presented in the editorial, it is rather palpable that approximately 85% of women in the world experience night sweats and hot flashes, which are closely associated with menopause. These symptoms are triggered by the hormones in the body of the individual. Research asserts that black cohosh is a herb that is used to deal with vasomotor symptoms as a substitute for the hormone replacement therapy. The herb is widely used in the United States and Europe (Becker, Letham & Stoehr, 2009). However, black cohosh has numerous side effects to the women. As stated above, there are several inconsistencies that have been associated with the use of black cohosh. Some of these discrepancies are related to the dosing and side effects of the drug. Some of the complications that are able to result from the use of black cohosh include hepatitis, muscle damage and liver failure among other conditions. Several experts have critically evaluated the efficacy of the black cohosh for the vasomotor symptoms (Becker, Letham & Stoehr, 2009). In the clinical trials, there were several adverse effects of the drug to the

Women - are better listeners than men Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women - are better listeners than men - Essay Example Capital punishment is no deterrent to crime. Pros: 1) There is statistical evidence that capital punishment is by far not a panacea; 2) even if in one country it works, it does not automatically mean that in every society it will work in the same way; 3) there is a sentiment that a murder for the sake of deterrence is a crime by itself; 4) society may benefit more from life imprisonment and controlled employment of criminals. Cons: 5) Capital punishment in some cases reflects the dominant public opinion; 6) zero tolerance to some criminals may if not reduce crime, but at least keep it in check. "Hard" sciences such as math are more difficult than "soft" sciences such as sociology. Pros: 1) "Hard" sciences often require more extensive basic knowledge; 2) fewer people are good at "hard" sciences in comparison to "soft" sciences; 3) "hard" sciences are usually less intuitively understandable than "soft" sciences. Cons: 4) Many "soft" sciences like sociology are based on observations, wh ich, while making them seem simple, in reality makes the process of research quite difficult; 5) there is no objective ground for differentiation, only inclinations of different people.

Economics (merit good) education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics (merit good) education - Essay Example Moreover, education makes one be in a position to acquire employment, obtain income and consequently have an improved way of life (Ver Eecke, 2003, p. 701). Other merit goods include goods and services like health services that the government provides for its citizens for the benefit of the community. This is usually conducted because it would lead to under-provision within the community. It also generates difference between the social and private expenses in addition to the advantages of creation and exploitation leading to the risk of not selling the goods and services (Besley and Ghatak, 2003, p. 235-249). Merit goods are also those goods and services that the government thinks consumers will under utilize, and they ought to be provided free for the entire society. Both private institutions and the government offer education, but in case education was left to be an expense, where parents are expected to pay for education then education would be under-consumed by the members of the society. Poor parents might not understand the importance of education. Similarly, their children might not see the benefits of education (Besley and Ghatak, 2003, p. 235-249). In reality, education should provide peripheral benefits that could not be considered by the open market. The benefits include increasing profits and production for present and future productions and expansion in the work-related movement of the work force, which must assist in the reduction of unemployment and consequently lower welfare expenditure (Dixit, 2002, p. 38). The administration provides this merit good to urge its utilization so those particular optimistic externalities related with merit commodities can be realized (Dixit, 2002, p. 38). They also aim at overcoming the failures of information connected to education, not when the private longer-term benefit of utilization is better than the shorter-term advantage of utilization. The government also believes that consumption

History of the EU Single Market

History of the EU Single Market In this paper I intend to look at the two communications presented by the European Commission, to the European Parliament, the European Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. These two communications, Single Market Act I Single Market Act II, both talk about proposals that if implemented, should make the Single Market of the European Union much better by eliminating any obstacles which were found in the systems at the time of writing. To understand better the Single Market, one should look at the history of this on-going process and then, take a look at what the Commission proposed through these two communications. This should lead to a better understanding of how these proposed set of actions would strengthen the EUs internal market. History of the EU Single Market Moving freely within the European Union (EU) today seems to be a very common activity and very often it is taken for granted. Looking back in time and seeking the beginning of this concept, one can better understand why this was necessary and important for the EU, what were the steps needed and what it took to achieve this goal. It is important to mark the landmark political decisions and historical facts that brought us to live this dream, which is also considered as one of the EUs greatest achievements. The need of a common market has been long discussed from 1957, since the Treaty of Rome which created the European Community. The main objective of this proposal was to give Europe a new push, to take integration to an upper level and to have free movement of goods, services, capital and persons, therefore a common market. Of course, this was a vital step since one cannot build a common Europe without having a common market. These four fundamental freedoms were the basis of the real European Economic Community (EEC). This common market became a reality with the removal of barriers and internal borders within the European Union. Although on 1st July 1968 the customs duties on goods going around in the EU member states were completely removed, there remained non-tariff barriers like differences in the requirements of safety and packaging of different member states or between national administrative procedures. Consequently, these barriers did not allow the manufacturers to market the same goods in different European countries.  [1]  After this step, it took until 1985 for the leaders to decide to come back to the realisation of this single market. The single market was a response for a long-standing crisis in the EEC especially created in the 1970s; the things that mostly effected the economy were the oil crisis of 1973 1979 (which caused a lot of inflation with rising prices and which therefore created unemployment), the rapid advancements in technology, t he changes occurring in the economy world and also the emergence of new strong competitors such as Japan and newly industrialising countries from South East Asia.  [2]  The European Commission led by Jacques Delors, in 1985 presented a common response to that of the leaders themselves. The Community decided to complete the construction of the great internal market in stages which was to be finalised at the start of 1993, and therefore, the ambitious date and goal were written into the Single European Act signed in February 1986. This led to the gradual removal of internal barriers and borders within the European Community, national standards were getting harmonised, and rules determining the way governments should buy services and goods were created. There was also the liberalisation of financial institutions, the Value Added Tax (VAT) rates were being set to a standard level and there was also the setting of European business laws. All these measures were taken to create the si ngle market.  [3]  Until 1992, the national regulations of the 12 member states were replaced by one rule which was common to all of them and regulated all the countries in the same manner after the EU adopted nearly 280 pieces of legislation. The monetary union was also planned and the Maastricht Treaty was the first step of the creation of the Euro, which came into use on 1st January 2002. After all these steps and hard work towards this dream, on 1 January 1993 the physical borders between EU countries vanished completely and the European Single Market was officially a reality for the member states of the EU.  [4]   12 levers of the EU Single Market After all the work done to create the Single Market of the EU, there were still some things which were not functioning as they were meant to be and according to their original purpose of creation. Although one of the main benefits of the Single Market was that of bringing economic growth in the member states of the EU as was predicted and argued in the Cecchini Report  [5]  , it has been proven by many studies and statistics that this mission was not fully accomplished and the targets were not fully reached. The faults present in this system were addressed both by the Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti and the Maltese MEP Louis Grech in their reports A New Strategy for the Single Market Delivering a single market to consumers and citizens, respectively. Taken from the original Cecchini Report Therefore, the only thing that could help to get the expected results was to refine the policies and develop a proactive and cross-cutting strategy  [6]  to give the single market the opportunity to develop its full potential  [7]  . This was done through the Single Market Act I which was presented on 13th April 2011. In this communication, the Commission expressed its proposals which should help to eliminate any obstacles which are not allowing full movement of services, innovation and creativity across the member states. The Single Market Act and the actions which were proposed in this communication are aimed at giving all the citizens and businesses of the EU the ability to have full access and full beneficial that can come out of this Internal Market and strengthen their confidence in this system. All in all, the end result should be a smart, sustainable and inclusive growth  [8]  and also the creation of more jobs for the citizens. This was all presented in the so ca lled Twelve levers which the Commission has come up with. Each one of them is aimed at strengthening the Single Market in different ways. Here are some of the most important levers. Levers related to free movement of capital The first lever talks about the Access to finance for SMEs since the world has gone through financial crises, businesses in the EU have become more restricted and limited and cannot get the loans they need from the banks to advance in their industry by manufacturing innovative products and market them. Through a change in legislation, this lever proposes to make funds more accessible to SMEs so they can invest more and provide a better, smarter, innovative and more advanced technology. This should also be an incentive for SMEs to operate across borders and raise capital abroad.  [9]   Levers Related to free movement of persons The second lever which is about Mobility for citizens, talks about creating a European professional card that will make mobility for workers across the EU easier while building a better level of trust and cooperation between different countries of the EU. Another proposal was the creation of the European skills passport which is a record of the skills possessed by a person who can travel across the EU and find different jobs. This way, the citizens can always have a proof of their skills.  [10]   Another lever aimed at facilitating the free movement of persons is the seventh lever proposed which talks about The digital single market. This lever proposes that there should be a mutual electronic identification and authentication throughout the EU. This will be beneficial not only for people moving from one country to another, but also to businesses and public authorities, therefore it can also help in increasing the effectiveness of public services and procurement, service provision and electronic commerce (including the cross-border dimension). Levers Related to free movement of goods services The fifth lever talking about Services highlights the importance of standardisation as a tool used in the free movement of goods. This tools importance is growing bigger also in the services sector. This will help in improving cross-border services mainly between businesses and combat unfairness, by developing a more effective, efficient and inclusive system.  [11]  This system will work to see that standards are adopted quickly and adapted to new technologies. This will enable SMEs other similar groups to become more involved while standards remain available to everyone.  [12]   Levers Related to Law Enforcement Strengthening the EU Single Market Concluding Remarks

Why Is Religion Important? Essays -- Why Study Religion?

"This is my simple religion. There is no need for temples; no need for complicated philosophy. Our own brain, our own heart is our temple; the philosophy is kindness." -- Dalai Lama In a world where religions plays such a major role in people’s lives, it is not surprising why it is such a major focus in the way choices and decisions are made. There are many religions throughout the world. Some are faiths with a very concentrated following in specific geographic areas, while others span the entire globe and have enormous numbers of followers. Each of the world’s major religions has definite distinctions that set themselves apart from others and that make them unique. These religions, however, all follow the same basic morals and guidelines that are quite similar. The most widely followed faith on the planet is Christianity. Followers of Christianity believe that God sent his own son Jesus to earth to save them from their own sinful ways. They believe that Jesus was killed for his teachings and was then resurrected after lying in a tomb for three days. The main Christian holy day is celebrated on the day Jesus rose from the dead. This day is known as Easter Sunday and is the center of the entire faith. The ultimate goal for Christians is to have their souls join God in heaven when they die where they will live forever in eternal happiness. Christianity is broken up into three different groups that follow similar beliefs but do differ on some. Roman Catholics are the first type. They make up the largest single faith in Christianity. Catholics are united under their leader, the Pope who resides in Rome. They interpret meaning from the Bible to use in everyday life. Roman Catholic scholars, who spend their lives interpreting ... ...s teachings say that all of life is suffering and that this suffering is caused by desire. He said that the only way to end suffering is to end desire and to end desire you must follow the Eight Paths of Enlightenment. There are other smaller groups of religious beliefs like Confucianism, which is basically a respect for elders. Most people in Japan follow this belief. Animism is a faith followed by more primitive cultures throughout Africa and Asia. This centers on the fact that spirits inhabit everything in nature and are thus worshipped for it. Religion remains a crucial part of world politics. It is the driving force behind much of today’s biggest problems, and until everyone learns to respect one another’s differences this unnecessary violence will continue. Dalai Lama Quote http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/topics/topic_religion.html#vM6qqb6vc2q3bDQk.99

British Virgin Islands and Bermuda

The British Virgin Islands (BIV) and the Bermuda are British colonies with a high degree of internal self-government. Both countries have been designated as a British Overseas Territory and although they are still technically under British rule, they have exercised control over their own state affairs. Demography The Virgin Islands is an archipelago of more than 40 islands, of which 16 are inhabited. It has strong ties with the US Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico as it is geographically situated in between these countries.As per the latest data in the CIA Factbook, the male-dominated BIV has a population of 23,552 (July 2007 estimate) with nearly two per cent growth rate. Given its history with the US, the official language is English and almost ninety per cent of the population are Protestants. The Virgin Islands has one of the most stable economies in the Caribbean. Some 45 per cent of its income is generated from tourism. In 2005 for example, more than 800,000 tourists, mainly from the United States visited the Islands. It also relies on light industries and offshore financial centers.The Bermuda on the other hand, was first inhabited by English colonist in the early 17th century. It belongs to the group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina in the US. The Bermuda is a small country, roughly one-third of Washington D. C. Like the Virgin Islands, its official language is English although a significant number of its more than 66,163 (July 2007 estimate) population speaks Portuguese. The major religions are Anglican and Catholic. The Bermuda boasts of the highest per capita income in the world, more than 50 per cent higher than that of the United States.Its primary income generator is their robust international business sector. Government and Politics The Bermuda is the oldest Britain’s colony. For five years now, it ahs been a self-governing territory of the UK. Bermudans are entitled to enjoy dual citizenship and have the right t o live and work in Europe (Sanders, par. 5) The system of government in Bermuda is that of a parliamentary representative democratic dependency. The official head of state is the Queen of England, Elizabeth II, while the Premier is the head of government.The Queen appoints a Governor to represent her in Bermuda. Bermuda’s political framework is very similar to that of the UK. Like most democracies, it has two legislative chambers: the House of Assembly and the Senate. Bermuda is independent of the UK in all internal matters and makes its own set of laws (Forbes, par. 11). British and UK laws do not apply in Bermuda. Bermuda laws are generally much more restrictive to non-nationals. The Bermuda, however, is dependent on Britain for defense, external affairs and internal security.Like Bermuda, the BIV is also self-governing in most internal matters. According to its amended Constitution of 2000, their head of state is also the Queen and her appointed governor is in charge of th e country’s external affairs, defense, internal security and public service. On all other matters except those, the executive council ahs authority. The executive council is headed by the governor, chief minister, an attorney-general and three other ministers. In both the Bermuda and Virgin Islands, the Queen remains to be the most important figure.The governor she appoints is also given much value considering the structure of their government and their political framework. Their legislature and executive councils, however, have autonomy to the states’ internal matters. Independence The issue of independence has been a recurring subject of debate in both countries. In Bermuda, independence has been discussed since the mid-1960’s when Britain was anxious to get rid of all its colonies. In 2004, the ruling Progressive Labour Party has Created the Bermuda Independence Commission.Its main concern is to educate people about the gains and losses of independence. Despi te the arguments for independence, however, opposition on breaking links with Britain has been strong. A November 2006 poll shows that 65 per cent of Bermudans were against breaking ties with Britain (Jones, par. 2). This is 17 per cent lower than the 57 per cent in July of the same year. The issue of independence however is expected to be a major point when Bermuda holds its elections in January 2009. Independence was rejected in a 1995 referendum by 75 per cent voters.The main argument against independence is the fact that Bermuda enjoys a high degree despite its being a British colony. Its economy has been robust. As former Premier Sir John Swan likes to put it, â€Å"With the Americans to feed us and the British to defend us, who needs independence† (Sanders, par. 10). In British Virginia Islands, although there is no formal movement toward full independence, its possibility is a central topic of public debate and party politics. Despite self-governance, the Bermuda and V irgin Islands politics is still very much similar to that of its crown country.Bermuda’s political, as well as social economic institutions have shown resiliency and stability. Despite this, however, its political framework has not fully been independent of Britain. This is because it was Britain who instituted its political system. The Queen and her appointed Governor is an active force in the affairs of the state so much so that the Westminster style of government is still very much felt. The same thing applies to the Virgin Islands. Its politics is British in origin and even with a high level of autonomy, the framework of government is still very much like its crown country.Its colonial relationship with the United Kingdom lets it operate in a constitutional democracy with the executive authority vested in the Queen. British influence is all over Bermuda and the Virgin Islands. Their national anthem is both â€Å"God Save the Queen† and the Queen’s birthday i s observed as an official public holiday. Their Constitutions are drafted the British way. Branches of government such as the executive and judiciary also demand Britain’s participation. And although these colonies have been handling internal matters of government by themselves, their external affairs are still Britain’s problem.Until a significant portion of government is still controlled by Britain, Bermuda and the Virgin Islands will still bear the same political structure—one that has its democracy of its own but deems considerable interference from the crown country as a must. Anglophone countries Anglophone nations share the same historical, cultural, and political characteristics attributed to the historical experience of the United Kingdom. Generally, it includes territories and former colonies of the UK which have English as the national language.But with its loose definition rooted on history and culture, it may also mean countries which use legal syst ems based on Common Law or simply Great Britain or British-settled countries. They also share similarities in civil rights and personal freedoms. In short, the Anglosphere â€Å"is not a club that a person or nation can join or be excluded from, but a condition or status of a network† (Bennett, par. 3). However, because of its imprecise boundaries, the Anglosphere as a network civilization does not have its corresponding political form.Its union is based firmly on culture and does not take any political outline. Notice that the forms of government in these English speaking countries are different. Some take the republican form, some are constitutional monarchies, while some are parliamentary democracies. The idea of a â€Å"Anglosphere government† has been subject to debate. The basic argument is that merging these countries and making it like a European Union of sorts would be a great development in the onward progress of English-speaking supremacy.However, others arg ue that the particular genius in this union is the fact that it has remained apolitical and non-governmental. Forging the Anglosphere as one solid government, they say, may only lead to the centralization of power. Anglophone countries handle their government differently. Their link to the atmosphere has not so far affected the way in which they run their politics. The Anglosphere is not a government of its own and it refuses to be. English-speaking countries who have joined the sphere have existing government structures that they chose to pursue despite â€Å"membership† in the union.The so-called â€Å"anglosphere challenge† however has earned buzz in the recent years. It is said that these political entities, though loose, is a force to reckon in the time of technological and scientific change provided they remain true to the traits that bonded them together in the first place—a strong, independent civil society, adherence to the rule of law, its people and i deas and openness and receptivity to the world. Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados Unlike the British Virgin Islands and Bermuda, Trinidad and Tobago is completely independent from Britain.It takes the form of a unitary state with a parliamentary democracy modeled after that of its former crown country. In 1976, soon after it broke ties with Britain, it adopted its own republican Constitution. The Queen is thereby replaced with a president elected by the Parliament. Since then, the general control and direction of its government rests on the cabinet, led by the prime minister. Barbados, for its part, gained independence from Britain in November 1966. It subsequently adopted the Westminster parliamentary system of government with a governor-general representing the British monarch.Its 1966 Constitution also provides for a bicameral parliamentary system headed by a prime minister and cabinet. Since breaking ties with Britain, responsibility for organizing the government has been evenly divided between its two major political parties that are both centrist social democratic parties that date its roots back to the British labor movement. The main difference between the overseas territories (Bermuda and Virgin Islands) and the two former colonies (Trinidad & Tobago and Barbados) is the extent to which Britain interferes with their affairs of government.Former colonies may have chosen to adopt British influence in its political structure but it is completely in control of both its internal and external affairs. The overseas territories, on the other hand, may have been granted self-governance but it does not have total control of its government, especially its defense and external affairs of government. Works Cited Bennet, James. â€Å"Orphans of the Anglosphere. † Albion’s Seedlings. (21 November 2005). 09 September 2007. < http://anglosphere. com/weblog/archives/000145. html>. Forbes, Keith.â€Å"Bermuda and Great Britain: A self-governing British Ove rseas Territory with its own laws. † Bermuda online. 09 September 2007. . Jones, Dan. â€Å"Poll finds opposition to Independence rises. † The Royal Gazette Magazine. (28 November 2006). 09 September 2007. . Sanders, Ronald. â€Å"Bermuda: Independence or not? † Caribbean Net News. (08 March 2005). 9 September 2007. .

Examination of The Little Matchstick Girl

Examination of The Little Matchstick Girl First published in 1845, The Little Match Girl by  Hans Christian Anderson  is a story about a young impoverished girl trying to sell matches on the street on New Years Eve who is afraid to go home without selling enough for fear of an abusive father. This tragic short story paints a dismal picture of life for the poor in the 1840s but also carries with it that grim hope of a fairy tale with visions of huge Christmas trees and shooting stars appearing before the young match girl- her dying wishes and dreams. The Harsh Realities of Poverty Andersons The Little Match Girl is not far from classic fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm- they both share a certain darkness to their content, a melancholic and an often morbid obsession with consequences for actions or for merely existing. Its an often studied piece in academic circles. In The Little Match Girl, Andersons titular character dies by the end of the piece, but the story is much more about the perseverance of hope. In these sparse, unforgiving lines, Hans Christian Andersen packs so much simple beauty and hope: The girl is cold, barefoot, and poor- without a friend in the world (it seems)- but she is not without hope. She dreams of warmth and light, of a time when she will be surrounded by love, and filled with happiness. Its so far outside of the realm of her current experience that most of us would have long since given up such dreams, but she holds on. Still, the harsh realities of poverty haunt the little girls reality- she must sell a match for fear of being beaten by her father upon returning home and this fear propels her to stay outside all night, which ultimately leads to her death by hypothermia. Lessons and Adaptations Thanks to its brevity and delicate approach to the topic of death, The Little Match Girl serves as a great tool, like most fairy tales, to teach children important lessons about the tougher topics in life like death and loss as well as social issues like poverty and charity. We may not want to think about the horrible things that happen every day, and its certainly hard to explain such things to our children. It does seem, though, that we can often learn the greatest lessons from the children- in how they deal with the most hopeless situations. In those final moments, this little girl sees visions of splendor. She sees hope. But, her passing- punctuated by the shooting of a star in the night sky- is tragic and troubling. Fortunately, there have also been many adaptations of this short piece by Hans Christian Anderson including several animated and live action short films which provide an easier way for children to access the themes of this brilliant short work of fiction.

Niels Bohr Biographical Profile

Niels Bohr Biographical Profile Niels Bohr  is one of the major voices in the early development of quantum mechanics. In the early twentieth century, his Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen, in Denmark, was a center for some of the most important revolutionary thinking in formulating and studying the discoveries and insights related to the growing information about the quantum realm. Indeed, for the majority of the twentieth century, the dominant interpretation of quantum physics was known as the Copenhagen interpretation. Early Years Niels Henrik David Bohr was born on Oct. 7, 1885, in Copenhagen, Denmark. He received a doctorate from Copenhagen University in 1911. In August of 1912, Bohr married Margrethe Norlund after they had met two years before. In 1913, he developed the Bohr model of atomic structure, which introduced the theory of electrons orbiting around the atomic nucleus. His model involved the electrons being contained in quantized energy states so that when they drop from one state to another, energy is emitted. This work became central to quantum physics and it for this which he was awarded the 1922 Nobel Prize for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them. Copenhagen In 1916, Bohr became a professor at Copenhagen University. In 1920, he was appointed director of the new Institute of Theoretical Physics, later renamed the Niels Bohr Institute. In this position, he was in a position to be instrumental in building the theoretical framework of quantum physics. The standard model of quantum physics throughout the first half of the century became known as the Copenhagen interpretation, although several other interpretations now exist. Bohrs careful, thoughtful manner of approaching was colored with a playful personality, as clear in some famous Niels Bohr quotes. Bohr Einstein Debates Albert Einstein was a known critic of quantum physics, and he frequently challenged Bohrs views on the subject. Through their prolonged and spirited debate, the two great thinkers helped refine a century-long understanding of quantum physics. One of the most famous outcomes of this discussion was Einsteins famous quote that God does not play dice with the universe, to which Bohr is said to have replied, Einstein, stop telling God what to do! The debate was cordial, if spirited. In a 1920 letter, Einstein said to Bohr, Not often in life has a human being caused me such joy by his mere presence as you did. On a more productive note, the physics world pays more attention to the outcome of these debates that led to valid research questions: an attempted counter-example that Einstein proposed known as the EPR paradox. The goal of the paradox was to suggest that the quantum indeterminacy of quantum mechanics led to an inherent non-locality. This was quantified years later in Bells theorem, which is an experimentally-accessible formulation of the paradox. Experimental tests have confirmed the non-locality that Einstein created the thought experiment to refute. Bohr World War II One of Bohrs students was Werner Heisenberg, who became the leader of the German atomic research project during World War II. During a somewhat famous private meeting, Heisenberg visited with Bohr in Copenhagen in 1941, the details of which have been a matter of scholarly debate since neither ever spoke freely of the meeting, and the few references have conflicts. Bohr escaped arrest by German police in 1943, eventually making it to the United States where he worked at Los Alamos on the Manhattan Project, though implications are that his role was primarily that of a consultant. Nuclear Energy Final Years Bohr returned to Copenhagen after the war and spent the rest of his life advocating the peaceful use of nuclear energy before dying on Nov. 18, 1962.

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

No topic - Essay Example The article emphasizes the fact that once Google launches its â€Å"Google Editions†, the online service to sell e-books, it would be in direct competition with another behemoth in the area of digital books, Amazon. The main issue analyzed here is the competition from Amazon and their pricing strategy along with the distribution channels both companies will adopt to market their services since the real winner will be the product that reaches the customer in the most convenient way possible. It is a well known fact that Amazon is the leader in the space for selling books and accessories online. It was one of the first companies to set up a website for selling books and accessories online. The success of the model pioneered by Amazon spurred many companies (Barnes and Noble, Borders etc) to enter the area of selling books online. The article clearly highlights the potential for rivalry between Google (once it launches Google Editions) and Amazon as both the companies are essentially targeting the same market i.e. the consumers of e-books. Further, the article discusses the possibility of a â€Å"price war† where each of the competitors would be going in for a â€Å"race to the bottom† in search of the consumers for their products. The Implications of this strategy would be discussed in due course. This section analyzes the case from the 4P’s of the marketing mix, namely: Price, Product, Place and Promotion. These are the cornerstones of any marketing strategy and the successful execution of these in a combination or individually would determine the success of the venture as is being undertaken by Google. The marketing mix is the â€Å"set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that the company blends to produce the response it wants in the target market.† (Kotler, 2009 63) To take the first component of the Marketing mix, the biggest advantage that Google has is its competitive pricing. Since the

Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Marketing Plan - Assignment Example This will enable the business to lure more customers and compete favorably with other players in the industry. Further, they will have to extract useful information that will assist them in identifying new markets and targets. The business has to adopt new means of advertisement such using the use of the media in order to reach to more customers. Among the current social networks and media firms, facebook has proven to be the most efficient and reliable in giving information to millions of users within a very short time. As part of product development, Dog-Gone stylin’ has embarked on selling pet therapy products to customers. For instance, they sell Spa products like bandanas and shampoo that clients use to groom their pets. In the product development, the marketing team will have to diversify the products to various clients. The marketing mix is achieved in the sense that the company offers one-on-one services to enable clients relax. Further, they can go an extent of taking the services to a client’s home to avoid transportation of pets. Branding and packaging of the product is very essential, but in this case, it is challenging to develop a strong that might clients due to lack of products that they compare with. In such a business, branding requires patience and time. As part of packaging strategy, it is significant to develop a handout that includes all the pet grooming services and their prices, photos of dogs prior to and after grooming in order enable customers to view the outcome of the

Security A+ policy Document Project Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Security A+ policy Document Project - Case Study Example business dealings, processes and tasks. However, in order to achieve these objectives, policies and procedures that are already in place such as, Acceptable Use Policy of Global Distribution, Inc. Information security is the basis for the business that must be incorporated into each element of the organization for instance, administrative service, planning and development, sales and marketing and operations. In addition, these functions need particular controls for mitigating the risk from normal business operations. State and federal laws that are associated with information security and privacy policies are applicable to Global Distribution, Inc., as non-compliance will impose fines, stakeholder confidence, audits and direct revenue loss for Global Distribution, Inc. 1.1 Overview Information security has now become everyone’s business. In fact, every member of staff present at Global Distribution, Inc.is responsible in making themselves alert with the compliance with Global Distribution, Inc. policies, procedures and standards connected with information security. Similarly, a policy is measured as a strategic control followed by budgets and organizations (Osborne, 2006). Information Security is defined as: â€Å"The protection of information systems against unauthorized access to or modification of information, whether in storage, processing or transit, and against the denial of service to authorized users or the provision of service to unauthorized users, including those measures necessary to detect, document, and counter such threats† (Vacca, 2009). The three fundamental objectives regarding Information Security includes Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability. This policy draft is based on these three objectives. 2 Purpose of Establishing Information Security Policy An Information Security policy is required by the Global Distribution, Inc. in order to secure information resources from upcoming threats. This is to establish confidence in stakeholder. Moreover, valuable benefits are achieved in the market by securing information security resources. In addition, maximum profit along with trust is generated among the organizations. However, security of any organization does not fully depend on Information technology. Other sources regarding threats to an organization includes vandalism, sabotage, espionage, natural disasters, online frauds, phishing etc. In fact, cyber-crimes can also compromise networks while data in transit. Some of the other threats are non-ethical hacking, viruses, Trojan, malicious codes and denial of service attacks. 2.1 Success Factors In order to implement an effective and successful security policy within Global Distribution, Inc. these factors should be made into consideration: Absolute and inclusive security policy along with security objectives that is parallel to the business objectives of Global Distribution, Inc. A methodology that is compatible along with the Global Distribution, Inc. I n order to support Global Distribution, Inc., a comprehensive and visible senior management is needed. Extremely visible support from Global Distribution, Inc. executive management. Complete and thorough information regarding risk management and security requirement practices. Security requirements are communicated to the Global Distribution, Inc. managers, business partners, clients, software developers and outsourced

Book Report on Dear America Series- Diary of Hattie Campbell Essay Example for Free

Book Report on Dear America Series- Diary of Hattie Campbell Essay This book, written by Kristiana Gregory, is about a thirteen year old girl from Pennsylvania, Hattie Campbell. On her birthday, she was given a diary by her mother and her Aunt June. In the first entry, she mentions her Uncle Milton’s death three days ago while fixing her family’s barn and his funeral the eve of her birthday. At the funeral, the coffin fell out of their cart and was washed into the nearby river. Her father tried to save it but was almost sucked into the paddles of a riverboat. As a sign of apology, the riverboat captain agreed to give Mr Campbell and his family free tickets on his riverboat to go anywhere they wanted. That night, he announced that the family would be heading to the untamed West, at that time occupied by the Indians who were known to be violent. Mrs Campbell was very angry and initiated a â€Å"cold war† with her husband. Two days later, she relents and agrees to head out West. On the way out West, the family met a young adult named Tall Joe, who eventually becomes the captain of their group. Throughout the long trip, they lost many partners as their oxen died or they were shot by Indians. One day, Hattie and her friend, Pepper, are out playing and happened to stumble across what they thought were wild carrots and parsnips. They took some back as it was their turn to cook for the group. Back at camp, they got around their chores and started cooking. A little girl, Cassia, looked longingly at the â€Å"carrots and parsnips† and takes two bites before running off to play. Later, as they were rolling out pastry, they heard screams. They went in the direction of the screams and were horrified to find Pepper’s twin brother, Wade, and some of his friends lying on the ground, jaws clenched so tightly that nobody could pour charcoal and water into their systems to absorb the poison. In the end all of them except Wade died. The women were able to pour charcoal into his mouth. Hattie’s father then went to the tent where the kitchen was. When he saw the â€Å"carrots and parsnips†, he asked Hattie to cut some for him. He put it on the edge of his tongue and spat it out immediately. He said that it was actually water hemlock, a poisonous plant which could kill a horse if it just ate one. A man would die from a bite. They immediately remembered Cassia. They found her limp body and buried her together with the boys. The priest prayed over their graves. The next day, they called all the children and drew on the dirt to show them the difference between water hemlock and wild carrots and parsnips. Eventually, after twenty six months on the road, they reach their destination, Oregon. Along the way the accompanying Aunt June gave birth to a daughter, River Ann Valentine. The family, Aunt June and her husband settled in Oregon and became one of the first pioneers to make it to their destinations.

Issues With Energy Conservation And Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay

Issues With Energy Conservation And Sustainability Environmental Sciences Essay Traditional sources of energy (coal, natural gas, and nuclear power) consumption present a plethora of issues related to conservation and sustainability. From a conservation standpoint, a reliable access to reasonably priced energy has long been the lifeblood of developed societies. Growing populations in impoverished nations strive for this reliable access at equally low or even more reasonably priced levels. These levels must factor in use, generation, future demand, cultural issues, growth, and a variety of other concerns. Beyond conservation, sustainability issues are also complex. The generation and use of these reliable energy sources bring about sustainability concerns for climate change, acid rain, air pollution, oil spills, strip mining, hazardous waste generation, occupational diseases, radioactivity, and a variety of other adverse environmental consequences. This section will explore the current prevalent uses of energy and the conservation and sustainability issues related to them. In terms of energy consumption, each American consumes (demands) 6.5 gallons of oil per day to heat homes and run our electrical equipment. One means by which Americans can consume less is to make the existing consumption more efficient. Recent estimates indicate that approximately 1/3 of the energy consumed per day is wasted. Turning to the supply side of the equation, coal provides 52%, nuclear energy 20%, and natural gas 16% of the conventional energy usage in the United States. There is a lot of room for energy conservation that would not necessarily require compromising lifestyles. Demand-side management involves promoting techniques that increase energy efficiency. For example, driving 55 miles an hour, turning down the thermostat from 68 to 65, and implementing equipment that is more efficient would certainly enhance energy conservation measures while generating a comparable quality of service by using less energy, thereby freeing up supply. Supply-side management involves seeking new methodologies to provide reliable low priced energy sources to consumers. Problems are involved with both sides of the equation. Social and cultural norms must be modified, a difficult proposition indeed, to manage the demand side of the equation. The supply side of the equation is equally demanding. Most notably, coal used for electric power generation provides a reliable, readily accessible, and low priced fuel source. Yet, hand-in-hand with this economic advantage is the often-unrecognized social problems of air pollution, ecosystem disturbance, and contribution to climate change. Nuclear power, initially thought to be a more environmentally palatable alternative to coal and natural gas, does provide a comparable source from the supply side of the equation. Further, if pervasively implemented, it was believed to also satisfy most of the demand side of the equation. However, there are only about 110 plants operating in the United States and no new plants have been constructed since the mid-20th century. With such promise from both the supply and demand side of the equation, why has nuclear power failed to live up to its lofty expectations? The answer lies in the potentially adverse health, safety, and environmental problems and perceptions associated with nuclear power generation and use. Three primary problems accompany the use of nuclear power generation. These three concerns must be addressed before nuclear power can achieve its real potential. These problems include meltdowns, waste management, and terrorism. Further, the heavy governmental subsidies that were initially invested in nuclear power are no longer available. Moreover, heavy governmental subsidies have been replaced with even heavier governmental controls and regulation. The use of nuclear power represents a social gamble. Estimates of cancer-induced fatalities from meltdowns have ranged from zero (Three Mile Island) to 500,000 for Chernobyl. However, people die from coal generation and pollution. On a lives-lost-per-kilowatt hour basis, nuclear power stacks up equally well to coal production. Yet it is the perception of a potential loss that stacks the deck against nuclear power. In addition, disposal of high-level waste and low-level waste from these facilities, in tandem with the NIMBY philosophy toward waste disposal siting exacerbate an already difficult problem. Finally, the public perception that nuclear reactors could somehow become terrorist weapons, in conjunction with public distrust of scientific risk assessments, has facilitated the widespread perception that nuclear energy sources are unsafe. Natural gas is also thought to be a replacement for coal. It is undeniably safer to produce electricity for both than coal and nuclear power. Moreover, it is the cleanest of the fossil fuels. It yields about 70% more energy for each unit then than coal. As you can expect, its share of the electric power generation market is likely to increase. Natural gas usage though does have its drawbacks. From a supply-side perspective, the available amount of natural gas is relatively small. Further, complicating this issue is the uneven geographic distribution. Further, if natural gas were to replace coal as the primary source of electrical production, the most recent estimates indicate that all sources would be depleted within 40 years. This would likely increase dependence on foreign suppliers. The implication here and is that the price of natural gas would become volatile and increase at a rate far exceeding that of coal or nuclear power. Not to be forgotten in this discussion of natural gas are the environmental factors related to its availability and consumption. The price of harnessing the natural gas is not inexpensive. Further, the cost of locating, capturing, storing, and distributing natural gas is also expensive. However, it stacks up favorably against both coal and is much less expensive than nuclear power. Let us also not forget that natural gas, composed primarily of methane, is a greenhouse gas. To avoid global warming, controls must be present to minimize the release of methane into the atmosphere. This too raises the price of natural gas. Governments have become increasingly involved in these most prevalent of energy options. Moreover, governments have become involved specifically in relation to the environmental aspects of energy production. In this, the government has taken a three-pronged approach. First, efficiency and environmental safety have risen to the fore as primary considerations for the future of energy policy. Governments have promoted and implemented policies to foster the use of cleaner burning, more efficient, and more environmentally safe energy sources. Often however these goals are in sharp contrast to the market forces of providing inexpensive and available energy sources. Second, policymakers have sought to equalize both the cost and demand side of the equation. This is most evident in the nuclear power supply and demand equation. The initial foray into nuclear power required governmental subsidies to assist in the construction of nuclear power plants. Further, governmental intervention demanded that societies use the sources. The current rate of federal energy subsidies is 59.8% for fossil fuels (coal and natural gas) and 28.7% for nuclear energy. The remaining paltry 11.5% is dispersed amongst the various other sources. This means government is still not inciting energy companies to research or implement new sources of energy. Finally, policymakers have begun to provide incentives for using alternative energy sources at the end-user (demand) point. This includes allowing the installation of small-scale energy efficient home heating units, hot water heaters, and hybrid and electric automobiles. Other options are available for large-scale technologies such as wind farms and solar panel arrays, but to a lesser extent. The practice of providing incentives presents particular problems. The most pressing problem is that the government or utility ratepayers still need to absorb some of the costs of capital. To counterbalance these problems, the promotion of more energy-efficient technologies and alternative energy sources must be specifically targeted and offer specific incentives to the end-user and producer alike. ___ ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY U2L1 Issues with Natural Resources Conservation Part 1 Human populations can be strained when subject to environmental stresses such as the inadequate availability of water, land, and agriculture, as natural resources. The availability of these resources is essential for the maintenance of human existence. Problems with these natural resources should be anticipated and prevented as much as possible. This section examines how economic institutions have allocated these resources in the past and how they might improve their allocation in the future. Water resources As we have discussed in previous course work, water is essential for human life to replace the continual loss of bodily fluids and to maintain the food sources upon which we depend. The problem with the existing sources of potable water is the allocation of supplies to sustain a variety of competing users. An efficient allocation of water must strike a balance between the competing users and sustaining the year-to-year availability. The concept of supply and demand is integral to this discussion. There are two problems to be address, maintaining an adequate supply of water and managing the demand for that water. This is especially relevant to groundwater resources where, when withdrawals exceed recharge from a particular aquifer, the resource will be mined over time until water supplies are exhausted. The problem is further complicated where groundwater and surface water supplies are not physically separated. For example, groundwater withdrawals from a specific region, in many areas of the United States, immediately affect the surface water flows. This is an especially tricky issue when cross-state, or cross national, boundaries are put into play. Therefore, the hydrologic nature of the water source must be taken to consideration when designing a water allocation scheme. From our previous coursework, we have discussed the concept of riparian rights. This is where the right to use water is allocated to the owner of the land adjacent to that water. Yet with population growth and the consequent rise in demand for water resources, this allocation system becomes less appropriate. This situation creates demand for a change in the property rights structure from riparian rights to one that was more transferable. A new structure developed by the government was known as usufructory rights. In this, users are accorded a right to use a common source of water. The current situation for allocating the use of water resources is embedded in the state and federal governments role in the problem. Many problems are associated with this point. The first is the restriction of free market availability of this natural resource. Diminished transferability of the use of this water resource puts market pressures on different parts of the market and in different portions of the United States. Likewise, these regulations strongly discourage conservation. Moreover, the government established preferential use which brought about bureaucratic preferences for the use of the water. Further, damage caused by overuse is not addressed in this doctrine. Possible solutions to the allocation of water are as follows. Reduce the number of restrictions on water transfers between agriculture and other uses. The current use it or lose it component that a companys most preferential use discourages conservation. Implement the use of water markets and water banks. In this, water is allowed to move to its higher valued use and buyers and sellers are brought together to negotiate its value thereby encouraging conservation. Revising the value of water is a necessity for conservation. This recognizes the efficiency associated with subsidizing the consumption of a scarce resource. Further, revenues collected can be placed into a fund to mitigate environmental damages and to allow for construction of dams for storing water. Revising the value of water seasonally. This would allow for changes in severe drought conditions and to manage water usage during times of scarcity. This would require consumers to act differently during times of drought. Encouraging the use of desalinated water in areas where appropriate. Technological advances have reduced the price of desalinized water but growth in this market has not outpaced demand. There are a number of possible means of remedying the current water situation. These reforms would promote a more efficient use of water while affording more protection to the natural resource. It is clear that charging everyone the same rate irrespective of their consumption is a strategy that deserves more attention. Land Land is another natural resource that deserves specific attention. Land conservation has specific issues related to typography, location, and characteristics. Land is typically allocated based on its highest valued use. The problem is clear. Wilderness areas are subservient to agriculture, residential development, commercial use, etc. There are particular problems with our current use and allocation of land. Urban sprawl is when land use in a particular area is inefficiently dispersed. Another issue is leapfrogging where new development continues not on the very edge of current development but further out. Both bring particular problems with development. These include longer trips to work, home, or leisure activities. This brings about increased energy demand and increased opportunities for pollution. Incompatible land usage is another particular problem with our current use and allocation of land. As an example, the particular costs associated with land use may not accrue exclusively to the landowner. An example of this occurs to neighborhoods near landfills, toxic waste facilities, CAFOs, or large industrial complexes. Undervaluing environmental preservation is just another particular problem with our current use and allocation of land. As an example, if the owner of a large farm near a scenic preservation area, sells to a residential developer, the benefits of their large open space to wildlife, travelers, and leisure activities is not typically a basis for different decisions affecting its land use. A final issue is the confluence of taxes on land use relative to conservation. Typically, property taxes in the United States are imposed on land for its current market value. Environmental factors are not typically included in that valuation model. One way to deal with the many particular problems associated with the current use and allocation of land is to implement innovative market-based remedies. The first innovative remedy is the separation of property rights. A property rights system can mitigate or avoid the problems of overexploitation that can occur when land is merely allocated on a first-come, first-served basis or sold to the highest bidder. By establishing secure enforceable claims, the efficient transfer and maintenance of the valuable use of the property can be directly allocated. Another way is to establish transferable development rights (TDR). TDRs establish areas where development is prohibited and areas where development is encouraged. If done in the local level, communities will determine the best allocation and use of lands. Another way is the establishment of land banks. For example, wetlands banking is a means of promoting economic benefits of wetland preservation. These mitigation banks allow for the use of lands around wetlands, streams, or other aquatic resources to preserve, enhance, or replace sensitive wetland areas. A similar program is present for conservation banking. Safe harbor agreements are a new means of conserving endangered and threatened species on privately owned land. These provide for new restrictions of land based upon the threat to the endangered species. Grazing rights has also been away to deal with the problems associated for overgrazing on public lands. This too is a means of dealing with the particular problems associated with the use of grazing on federal lands, which has been allowed since 1934. Finally, conservation easements and land trusts are means by which legal agreements limit the use of land in order to protect its intrinsic value. This intrinsic value might be to preserve a surface water resource, scenic vistas, or to promote eco-tourism. Agriculture The efficient use of agricultural land is a requirement for sustenance around the globe. The problems associated with a lack of efficiency includes starvation, hunger, hunger related diseases, malnutrition, and a variety of ancillary adverse effects. As an example, cereal grain is the worlds cheapest supply of food and is a renewable resource if managed effectively. Further, this could be sustained as long as we receive energy from the sun. Yet the current agricultural practices are neither sustainable nor efficient. Further, the recent trend has been to increase the scale (size) of the average farm and a reduction in the overall number of farms thus raising questions of future sustainability. The problems intrinsic to this argument are as follows. While technological progress provides the main source of support for optimism, concerns are present regarding the ability of industrial nations to achieve productivity gains. This includes a declining share of land allocated to agricultural use, the rising cost of energy, and increased environmental costs (i.e.: overuse of fertilizer, deforestation, soil completion, soil erosion, etc.). An interesting twist in this argument is imbedded in the example of corn. While this is a relatively stable and useful food source, the expansion and the use of ethanol has decreased the amount of corn available for food. There are sources for optimism in this discussion. Technological advancements in genetics have produced food crops that are more resistant to diseases and pests, hardier crops capable of surviving in marginal soils, and increasing crop yields. In addition, the growth in organic food sources has minimized human disease after upta ke. The economic gains in past several decades have created depletion to our agricultural resources. The past role of government has been complicit in this debacle. Historically, governments have subsidized the use of fertilizers and pesticides, guaranteed prices for outputs, given marketing loans based on crop prices, and implemented trade barriers. Recently however, the role of government in implementing effective agricultural policies has been on the rise. Governments have begun to encourage sustainable agriculture. Further, they have required that farmers consider energy and environmental costs. Subsidies for some agriculture have been removed and replaced with subsidizing possible technological advancements. Conclusion As we have seen from the above, human populations can be strained when subject to environmental stresses such as the inadequate availability of water, land, and agriculture, as natural resources. The availability of these resources is essential for the maintenance of human existence. Problems with these natural resources must be managed. As regulators cope with the myriad of issues related to conservation, they must consider the advancement in technology and the maintenance of a sustainable supply of natural resources.